腹壁可触及肿物的超声比对（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 腹尿管溃疡A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )腹尿管溃疡见于腹和食道之间，一般而言毗邻腹尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅毗邻腹下。这些溃疡可发挥为完全无水声或高水声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 左图11A，腹尿管溃疡，此溃疡已受病菌，之外富含即便如此水声的液体。B，腹尿管溃疡，紧绷的溃疡前壁造成了反射光伪影。

..Endometriosis卵巢乳腺癌变Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).十二指肠卵巢乳腺癌变是卵巢外科手术后的长期合并症，无特殊发挥，但可于以前外科手术的瘢痕所在后方见一发散肿物，并有周期普遍性的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 左图12 ，剖宫产伤疤所在后方卵巢乳腺癌变

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 十二指肠血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于猝死普遍性痉挛后、喷嚏或癫痫猝死后，其根本原因一般而言是抗凝病患或肺水肿传染病。由于血肿限制于腹直肌鞘内，一般而言不很大，其形状根据所所在后方后方而定，在基底直通以上，血肿常为紫红色，长轴呈上下侧向，可于一侧碰到（左图13A）；在基底直通以下，由于腹两道缺如，可扩张横过中直通，因此血肿发挥为分锯齿状，其仅次于阔度毗邻双曲线上。在婴幼儿十二指肠血肿可见于腹上横向扩张（左图13B、C）。术后弥散普遍性血管壁内凝血的病患者可于十二指肠外科手术瘢痕附近碰到大的血肿（左图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 左图13A，一中年妇女剧烈痉挛后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头务必腹横腹膜。B，婴幼儿十二指肠血肿。C，一婴幼儿腹静脉附着所在后方上面的十二指肠血肿。UV，腹静脉。D，一弥散普遍性血管壁内凝血的剖宫产术后病患者脸上所在后方十二指肠血肿。

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