腹壁可退缩肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 肚脐尿管出血A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )肚脐尿管出血见于肚脐和胃相互间，举例来说座落肚脐尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于大部分座落肚脐下。这些出血可乏善可陈为实质上无水声或较高水声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 三幅11A，肚脐尿管出血，此出血已受感染，实质上包含微弱水声的液体。B，肚脐尿管出血，紧绷的出血前壁产生透射伪影。

..Endometriosis子宫褶腔特异性Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).褶壁子宫褶腔特异性是子宫切除术后的长期合并症，无特殊乏善可陈，但可于从前切除术的瘢痕东南侧见一暂时性肿物，并有周期适度的痉挛和水肿。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 三幅12 ，剖宫产伤疤东南侧子宫褶腔特异性

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 褶壁血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).褶直肌鞘血肿可起因于发作适度咳嗽后、全身或癫痫发作后，其深层次举例来说是抗凝治疗或出血适度疾病。由于血肿限制于褶直肌鞘内，举例来说不不小，其圆锥形根据所东南侧前方而定，在弓状两条路线以上，血肿常以球形，角速度方形上下朝著，可于下方见到（三幅13A）；在弓状两条路线以下，由于褶白两条路线缺如，可引入横过中两条路线，因此血肿乏善可陈为分叶状，其最大间隔座落右下上。在早产褶壁血肿可见于肚脐上横向引入（三幅13B、C）。术后弥散适度心肌内炎症的治疗可于褶壁切除术瘢痕不远东南侧见到大的血肿（三幅13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 三幅13A，一中年妇女剧烈咳嗽后褶直肌鞘血肿，圆圈指示褶横皮下。B，早产褶壁血肿。C，一早产肚脐静脉附着东南侧上面的褶壁血肿。UV，肚脐静脉。D，一弥散适度心肌内炎症的剖宫产术后治疗皱纹东南侧褶壁血肿。

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